Why do perfectly “in-tolerance” parts sometimes fail to assemble?

 Tolerance stack-up is the accumulation of variation from individual part tolerances in an assembly. Even if each part meets its drawing limits, the combination can lead to:

  • Interference (too tight)
  • Excessive gap (too loose)

This happens because tolerances add together along a dimension chain.

Key takeaway:
✔ Good parts ≠ Good assembly
✔ You must analyze the full chain, not individual parts

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